Critical Chain Project Scheduling - 3436 Words

INSTRUCTOR’S RESOURCE MANUAL CHAPTER ELEVEN Critical Chain Project Scheduling To Accompany PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Achieving Competitive Advantage By Jeffrey K. Pinto CHAPTER 11 PROJECT PROFILE – Canada’s Oil Sands Recovery Projects INTRODUCTION 11.1 THE THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS AND CRITICAL CHAIN PROJECT SCHEDULING Theory of Constraints Common Cause and Special Cause Variation 11.2 CCPM AND THE CAUSES OF PROJECT DELAY Method One: Overestimation of Individual Activity Durations Method Two: Project Manager Safety Margin Method Three: Anticipating Expected Cuts from Top Management 11.3 HOW PROJECT TEAMS WASTE THE EXTRA SAFETY THEY ACQUIRE Method One: The â€Å"Student Syndrome† Method Two: Failure to Pass Along Positive†¦show more content†¦Common cause variation results from problems built into a system or process. This means the problem will exist regardless of outside variables (i.e. workers, machinery, etc.) Special cause variation is the result of a variable external to the system. These problems stem from a specific or unique condition (i.e. workers, machinery, etc.). It is important to understand the difference between the two because they require distinctly different methods of correction. Addressing the problem correctly can improve quality and reliability of output. However, misinterpreting a common cause variation as a special cause variation is a common and costly mistake. Managers begin to analyze and adjust the system assuming that the variation stems from a condition unique to their project when in reality it is an overarching organizational flaw. As a result, variation in quality and reliability may actual increase when managers attempt to compensate for what they mistakenly believe to be special cause variation. 4. What are the three reasons Goldratt argues are used to justify adding excessive amount of safety to our project duration estimates? In your project experiences, are these arguments justified? One way project teams add safety to duration estimates is to overestimate the time to complete individual activities. Team members may pad the activity time to ensure that they will be able to meet the promised deadline. This padding is augmented by theShow MoreRelatedEssay Project Management824 Words   |  4 PagesDjenane Jeanty Project Management Context Professor C. Lennon Module V 11.17.12 Abstract Project managers carefully manage slack on sensitive resource-limited projects (Larson and Gray, p.295). If possible, they will add slack at the end of the project by committing to a completion date that goes beyond the scheduled date. Eliyahu Goldratt (1997) advocates an alternative approach to managing slack. He championed the â€Å"theory of constraints† and has coined the term â€Å"critical-chain† recognizingRead MoreCritical Chain By Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt1348 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Critical Chain novel Critical Chain is a novel that wrote by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt. In the Novel, he used novel mode to describe that how to use Critical Chain Theory to fix manage problem. Specially, he used common sense and logical deduction to give us a clearly description about the complex manage problems. This special is interested me a lot that attract me to fail into the story that can follow Dr. Goldratt’s ideas. In the book, Dr. Goldratt talks about how a professor trying to attainRead MoreProject Management Scheduling1657 Words   |  7 PagesTitle Successful Project Management Scheduling outcomes: A Theoretical Comparative Analysis of networking techniques between Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies Research Question Why it is important to conduct a comparative analysis of Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies and investigate how it contributes in being Successful scheduling techniques in Project Management discipline? 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Due to the limitation of this report, this section is focused only on one of the work break structure such as DCS engineering as an example which can be imitated to the other work packages and tasks. The project scheduling is analyzed with theory of constraintsRead MoreNetwork Diagrams and Schedule Analysis1388 Words   |  6 PagesNetwork Diagrams and schedule analysis NETWORK DIAGRAMS ARE SCHEMATIC DISPLAYS OF PROJECT SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES AND THE INTERDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN THESE ACTIVITIES. WHEN DEVELOPED PROPERLY, THIS GRAPHICAL VIEW OF A PROJECT’S ACTIVITIES CONVEYS CRITICAL SCHEDULE CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED TO EFFECTIVELY ANALYZE AND ADJUST SCHEDULES – THUS RESULTING IN ACCURATE AND FEASIBLE SCHEDULES. THIS DOCUMENT ADDRESSES WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NETWORK DIAGRAM, HOW NETWORK DIAGRAMS ARERead MoreNetwork Diagrams and Schedule Analysis1396 Words   |  6 PagesNetwork Diagrams and schedule analysis NETWORK DIAGRAMS ARE SCHEMATIC DISPLAYS OF PROJECT SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES AND THE INTERDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN THESE ACTIVITIES. WHEN DEVELOPED PROPERLY, THIS GRAPHICAL VIEW OF A PROJECT’S ACTIVITIES CONVEYS CRITICAL SCHEDULE CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED TO EFFECTIVELY ANALYZE AND ADJUST SCHEDULES – THUS RESULTING IN ACCURATE AND FEASIBLE SCHEDULES. THIS DOCUMENT ADDRESSES WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NETWORK DIAGRAM, HOW NETWORK DIAGRAMS ARE CREATEDRead MoreChapter 11 Essay9126 Words   |  37 Pagesï » ¿Project Management, 2e (Pinto) Chapter 11 Critical Chain Project Scheduling 11.1 True/False 1) Once the organization elevates its constraint, its system has no constraint. 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Physical and Emotional Destruction in Emily Brontes...

Physical and Emotional Destruction in Wuthering Heights Often the lifestyles of a person and those around them are affected by ones concern for his/her own welfare and neglect of others. This attitude is a reflection of self-love and a feeling of self-righteousness. In the novel, Wuthering Heights , Emily Brontà « describes the lifestyles of late 18th century and early 19th century rural England emphasizing selfishness. From the very beginning, there is an obvious tension between the households at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The Heights is the house of the Earnshaws: Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw, Catherine, Hindley and later Linton and Hareton. The Grange is inhabited by the Lintons: Mr. and Mrs. Linton, Edgar and†¦show more content†¦This selfishness introduces the antagonist, Heathcliff, to the family. From this point on, the family faces terrible hardships as a result of Heathcliffs arrival. Catherine Earnshaw grows very fond of Heathcliff as the years pass. She eventually falls passionately in love with him, but because of Heathcliffs poor financial status and character, she chooses to marry Edgar Linton of Thrushcross Grange. Her reasoning becomes evident in dialogue with Ellen Dean, the housekeeper. In response to Ellen asking why Catherine wants to marry Edgar, Catherine replies, he will be rich, and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband (106). After marrying Edgar, she refuses to let go of her longings for Heathcliff. This total disregard for others and admiration of herself leads to extreme pain for Edgar, Heathcliff, and herself. This pain is such that it remains with each person until they are laid to rest. Heathcliff is probably the most selfish of all the characters. His selfishness starts as a young boy in the Earnshaw household. He knows very well the affection Mr. Earnshaw holds for him and uses it to his best advantage. When two colts are given to Heathcliff and Hindley (Mr. Earnshaws biological son), Heathcliff took the handsomest, but it soon fell lame (50). After discovering this, Heathcliff tells Hindley, YouShow MoreRelatedEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Feminism915 Words   |  4 Pages Psychoanalytical View of Wuthering Heights Mental illness was viewed as being a self-inflicted disease during the time period Wuthering Heights was written in (Bloomfield 298). Many of the characters suffer from a form of mental illness, but not all of them can be seen as self-inflicted. Most of the illnesses are inflicted by the death of other characters. After Hindley’s wife dies in his arms, he becomes an alcoholic and foreshadows his own death due to his destructive behavior (Bloomfield 291)Read More Comparing Brontes Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown1228 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Brontes Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown      Ã‚   Throughout British Literature, compositions created by honored literary artists reflect current dominant lifestyles. The differences in prevailing environments are visible when comparing Emily Brontes Withering Heights and Charles Dickens Coketown. Bronte reveals the wild unbinding freedom available though country living predominate in the late 17th and early 18th century, whereas Dickens explains the disheartening effects of industrializationRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1592 Words   |  7 Pageschange. In Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «, the moon appears in many different circumstances. Early in the novel, the moon foreshadows the failure of a relationship between Heathcliff and the older Catherine. As the novel unfolds, the moon’s appearance begins to reveal the true inner nature or state of characters. Finally, the moon begins to symbolize the impact of change, or the lack of change, over time on the characters of Heathcliff and the younger Cath erine. Throughout Wuthering Heights, Brontà «

Marketing Topics Free Essays

KANCHAN AHUJA Lily Villa, 12th Road, Chembur, Mumbai – 400 071 Phone Nos: (R)022- 25217372 (M) 98207 10041 Email : kanchanahuja@rediffmail. com Currently persuing Masters in management from K J Somaiya Institute of management Batch – 2008-2011 Objective: To secure a challenging and rewarding position within a reputable company offering personal development opportunities based on performance. Work Experience: HSBC Bank : Designation: Premier Service Manager Nov 2005 – Aug 2007 Job Role: Portfolio management of Premier Customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Growing and deepening customer relationships through effective relationship management, with special focus on the analysis and satisfaction of Customers’ financial as well as investment needs and objectives. |Profile: | | | |†¢ Sales – Going on sales calls to existing as well as new customers to deepen relationships and obtain referrals to source new | |business for purpose of achieving business targets. | | | |†¢ Analytical Skills- Identification of opportunities and managing relationships with top bank customers for cross selling | | |to the client through sales of liability products (savings, current accounts and term deposits) as well as third party | | |products like Mutual Funds, Insurance (Life General) | | |†¢ Customer Service – Ensure excellent service delivery by maintaining TAT for Client queries, proactive service | |interactions with Clients. | | |†¢ Record keeping – Update the client details and map all client relation ships to arrive at household / family relationship | | |value size at any point in time. | | |†¢ Time management – Accurate and timely reporting of documentation and deliverables for all new client acquisitions on a | | |weekly basis. | | |†¢ Co-ordination-Liaising with product and ops teams to ensure compliance of process flows and documentation. | | |†¢ Provide research on investment patterns for clients and arrive at an opportunity sheet. | |†¢ Operations – Handling outward and inward remittances | Aviva Life Insurance India Pvt Ltd. (March 2005 – Nov 2005) Designation: Manager Sales Private Banking Assets Team (ABN AMRO BANK) A very short stint wherein I was responsible for sales of life insurance plans to the Private banking clients and the credit card holders of ABN AMRO Bank through my sales team of 8 members. Expertise – CONVERTING LEADS, TEAM MANAGEMENT and CO-ORDINATION Standard Chartered Bank. (15th May 2003 –31st Oc tober 2004) Designation: Personal Financial Consultant – Retail Banking Division Profile:Sales ? Achieving the Targets set in terms of product mix and the budgeted cross sell targets. ? Focus on revenue generating products for the bank mainly Insurance and Mutual Funds. ? Housing loan leads to be generated and forwarded to the Executives and ensuring constant follow ups with the loan team and the customers ensuring smooth flow and closure of deals. ? Being the Housing loan champion constant follow-ups with the fellow team for leads and successful closures. ? Updating maintaining all Sales MIS (Calls, Prospects, Attritions, etc. Relationship Management ? Providing the BEST CUSTOMER SERVICE to the existing customers. This would include ensuring resolution / best possible solution to the queries raised, resulting in the customer retention within the set guidelines of my company. ? Establishing relations with new customers by introducing all the products (Asset and Liability products) ensuri ng lasting relationship with the bank. ? Generating new business to achieve defined sales targets. ? Building and deepening relationships with existing Customers to achieve increase in share of wallet and revenues. Providing professional customer service to achieve a high percentage of customer satisfaction and retention. ? Managing the portfolio to de-risk against attrition and achieve stability of book. ? Having complete knowledge of the customer base in terms of the profile, demographics psychographics and assets in the Bank and in other places. Baazee. com (I) Pvt. Ltd: 9th March 2000 – 9th May 2003 (3 years) Designation : Sr. Customer Service Executive Reporting : CFO and Asst. Manager Collection. Purpose : To ensure the Company’s Best Interest and its Customers are protected at all times. As a customer Service executive I am responsible for maintaining defined personal standards and operating economically and efficiently in the pursuit of the following. Job Profile: †¢ Team management and training. †¢ Weekly / monthly MIS generation. †¢ Regular update to the management in order to understand, modify and streamline processes improving customer experience online followed by implementation. †¢ Query handling, Customer satisfaction and retention. †¢ Administration of TALISMA, an e-CRM Solution. Creating standard responses and Work Flow for Customer Care Team. †¢ Revenue Capture. †¢ Conducted Surveys and Generating reports relating to Customer Satisfaction, Ratio of fulfillment on regular basis, changing trends and addressing customer concerns. †¢ Consistently monitoring Vendor Performance based of parameters of service levels, fulfil lment ratio. Achievements: †¢ Solely Handled NATIONAL PROMOTIONS â€Å"November Dhamaka 2000†and IT Festival for August- September 2001, End-to-End Process. Including Uploads of auctions, pre and post closure procedures and fulfillment of auctions. Handled multiple tasks at a time efficiently and with Good Results. The tasks included logistics; Image editing for uploads on the site, quality assurance of the data uploaded on the site, Resolving assigned mails in Talisma within the stipulated period. †¢ Overachieved Revenue targets consistently. †¢ Provided suggestions for the processes being followed internally, which have been appreciated and incorporated as a standard processes within the team. †¢ Assisted in Developing Mobiles, IT and Travel categories resulting in high number of fulfillment (Sales). Awarded as the Best Customer Care Executive and Employee for the Year 2000 and 2001. Based on Online Research carried through Out calling and day to day cus tomer interactions gathered valuable insights, which have now been incorporated in the website design. Anchor Holidays Pvt. Ltd (Time Share group): December 1999 till February 2000 Designation : Customer Service Executive Responsibilities: †¢ Provide information about the available packages and various schemes. Accommodate a suitable package for different customers, as per the budget requirement. Proactive Calls to members updating them about the latest schemes and offers. †¢ Keeping a track of benefits / holidays utilized by the customer during the validity period. Qualifications – Graduated from Mumbai University-Year 1999(H. R College Of Commerce Economics) Personal Information Date of Birth: 14th October 1978 Marital Status: Married ( Dec ‘ 04 ) Spouse : Advocate Vishal Puri References: Mr. Anupam SanghaviMr. Sai Pratyush Siesta Hospitality Services Pvt LtdQuotrro BPO Solutions Chief Operating officerGeneral Manager Phone: (M) 98200 01858 ; 9987204401Phon e: (M) 9910225558 KANCHAN AHUJA. How to cite Marketing Topics, Essays

Why Should We Explore Jupiter’s Moon Europa free essay sample

Many of these moons have quite interesting characteristics, such as the moon Io, which has volcanic geysers that blast hot material some 300 miles above its surface, and mountains reaching heights as tall as 52,000 feet. But in contrast to Io, the moon Europa is a frozen world. But, without a doubt, the most interesting place in the Jupiter system of moons is the moon Europa: the moon with a massive liquid ocean hidden beneath 7 miles of ice. If one applies common sense, it would be natural to assume that a body in deep space smaller than our Moon, in temperatures hundreds of degrees below zero, would be an incredibly cold and frozen rock solid. And for the most part one would be right. But because Jupiter has so much mass, it creates a gigantic gravitational effect on its near-by moons. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), formally described this force as â€Å"gravity†, in his scientific masterpiece the Principia (Spielvolgel 379). Newton’s law of universal gravity basically states that the gravitational force of an object is tied directly to its size. Thus, as Europa orbits Jupiter in a highly elliptical orbit, from a point far away from Jupiter, then moving to a point closest towards Jupiter, Jupiter’s massive gravity pulls on, and deforms Europa, from the shape of a sphere to that of a football, about every 74 hours. As Europa moves back and forth in its elliptical orbit around Jupiter, it creates a great deal of internal heating inside Europa, due to the tremendous tidal forces of Jupiter’s gravity (Tyler 770). The important effect of this deformation is the internal heat it creates inside Europa, making it possible for Europa to have a liquid ocean beneath 7 miles of solid ice. Information gained from NASA’s Jupiter space probe Galileo (1995-2003), suggests that the surface of Europa has an egg-like shell of ice, approximately 7 miles thick, hiding a warm, deep, liquid water ocean. It is generally accepted that Europa’s ocean is approximately 60 mile deep, and contains more water than all the water found on Earth. The vast majority of space scientists agree that where there is heat (a source of energy), and liquid water, the possibility for life is great. In Earth’s oceans, at depths of over 15,000 ft near the Galapagos Islands, deep-sea hydrothermal vents were discovered recently. A hydrothermal vent is an underwater structure like a vent, where hot, mineral rich water blows out of the bottom of the ocean floor. Surrounding these hydrothermal vents are communities of living creatures, such as giant tubeworms, shrimp, and crabs. Not only are they living in total darkness, but also in temperatures close to 700 ° f. For decades, scientists considered these conditions for life impossible, thus with a better understanding of the tenacity of life, finding life on a moon of Jupiter does not seem impossible, or perhaps, probable (The American Museum of Natural History . web). One of, if not the greatest question of mankind has been about our place in the universe, or more specifically, are we alone in the universe? Europa is the perfect place to look for life, it is close enough to get to, and we possess the technology to get there. Thus, if NASA were to send a robotic orbiter and complex lander to Europa, the lander’s mission would be to penetrate Europa’s 7 mile thick ice shell. This could be accomplished by employing a submersible robotic probe which would bury its way through the ice, using a nuclear tipped heat source to melt the ice, and explore this vast ocean. Even if simple microbiological life were found, this would answer the greatest question of all time. If life formed independently in the great ocean of Europa, this discovery would prove that life exists throughout the universe, and have a profound effect on mankind’s view of his place in the universe. Sources and defense of sources: Tyler, Robert. â€Å"Strong Ocean Tidal Flow and Heating on Moons of the Outer Planets† Nature 456 (12 December 2008): 770-722. Professor Robert Tyler is an Oceanographer, and Affiliate Assistant Professor in Earth and Space Science at the University of Washington’s Applied Physics Laboratory. Professor Tyler was one source of information I used in my paper (Tyler 770). I found this information in an article he authored in the journal Nature, which has been in existence since 1868. Nature is the worlds most highly cited interdisciplinary science journal, according to the 2008 Journal Citation Report Science Edition (Thomson, 2009). The journal Nature is a venue for authors of scientific papers on a variety of scientific subjects to get their work published. All papers are peer reviewed (see http://www. nature. com/authors/editorial_policies/peer_review. html) for Natures review policy. With respect to evaluating this source used for my paper, I find this author, his credentials, and the reputation of publication Nature, to be credible. In our class syllabus on page 6, one of the suggested internet based websites was a museum website. Thus, with respect to using an internet based source for my paper, I chose The American Museum of Natural History (http://www. amnh. org/nationalcenter/expeditions/blacksmokers/index. html). After examining the websites sponsors, collaborators, and viewing this information presented on the PBS television show, NOVA, I consider this websites information to be a credible source on hydrothermal vents I discussed in my paper. - - - Newton’s law of gravitational attraction.

7 Easy Ways for Essay Writing Like Professionals

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Ray charles essays

Ray charles essays Ray Charles has the distinction of being both a national treasure and an international phenomenon. He was born in Albany, Georgia on September 23, 1930. Ever since Ray was three years old, he was already trying to involve himself in music. A wonderful man named Wylie Pitman was one of the first people to encourage him in his musical career. As a young child, he would jump in the chair next to him and start banging on the piano keys while Wylie was trying to practice. Instead of being some rude old man, Wylie would show Ray the right way to hit the keys, and taught him some melodies. The first major tragedy at age five, was when Ray watched his younger t sure exactly how it happened, but his brother somehow fell over the rim of the tub, and fell under the water. He started losing his sight soon after, taking two years to completely lose it, at the age of seven. Luckily, his mother prepared him for the day hed be totally blind. Thats when he started attending St. Augustines school for the blind. Since his family had little money, he was accepted as a charity student. There he learned math and its correlation to music; he also learned to compose music in his head. He began playing the clarinet in school since the piano class was full. Later on, he was able to get into the piano class. As a student he would play music written by other people, but he wanted to right his own music. When Ray was 12 years old, he was able to write an arrangement, and have musicians play it back to him. Music had always been in Rays life his first love of music was blues, church gospel music, and country and western; where he heard in the community. Ray was only 14 when his mother died. One day at school, he was called into the principals office to be sent home. When he got there, he found out from a lady who helped his mom raise him. ...

HUM CAPSTONE WK9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HUM CAPSTONE WK9 - Essay Example g how other people practices their respective beliefs and preferences and recognized that most of the ultimate goals of these religious affiliations is the promotion of peace and the aim to attain salvation and eternal life. Why is it important to learn about other peoples beliefs and attitudes? It is therefore important to learn about other people’ beliefs and attitudes to understand the basic theoretical premise for assuming a particular behavior, a frame of mind, or an adherence to identified ideals. By learning concepts about other religions, one was more sensitive in acknowledging how religion has likewise shaped their lives and how the way they behave and interact with others seem to be influenced by their firm belief on a divine power or Supreme Being who governs peoples’ daily lives. How will you utilize this information in the future? The information learned could be useful and could be utilized in the future through manifesting an open-minded perspective in interacting and communicating with people from diverse cultural and religious orientations and in various situations and settings. I realized that most of these religions actually adhere to the ethics of reciprocity and respecting the lives of others as a way to living the right path of life and eventually attaining the ultimate purpose of one’s religion: salvation, peace, inner calmness and eternal

Critical literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical - Literature review Example This insufficiency of theory based knowledge undoubtedly brings the importance of evidence based learning and understanding. In the field of medicine, healing is vastly defined. Many authors have not been able to limitise its definition and concept within a few representative sentences. This brings the presence of vast dimensions within the process of healing. It is not only linked with the physical parts of human body, but also finds its application in psychology and spirituality as well. And many researchers have tried to define healing in patients with chronic illness, disability, pain and at the end of life (Kigler, 2004; Marshall et al. 2004; Geller et al., 2004; Cherkin & Sherman, 2004; Waters, 2006; Farber, 2002; Silver, 2004). Additionally, various other fields such as nursing and anthropology have also identified it to be a useful part of their practices. As we are critically analysing two articles-Healing in Primary Care: A vision shared by patients, physicians, nurses and clinical staff and Understanding healing relationship in primary care, it is more appropriate to define healing, which is defined as a multidimensional process with emotional, physical and spiritual dimensions (Hsu et al., 2008). This definition of healing is sufficiently consistent with the healing definition in other literatures (Hsu et al. 2008,Egnew, 2005, Dossey, 2003; Wendler, 1996) Each article has a different summary. In the article Healing in primary care: a vision shared by patients, physicians, nurses and clinical staff, the fundamental focus of the focused groups was to obtain understanding of the fundamental concept of healing among patients, physicians, nurses and clinical staff; also, what they consider as facilitators and barriers to promoting healing in primary care were discussed. In this article, for the purpose of learning via evidence based, the instrument of focused group is used; in which nine focused groups were arranged with 84 participants, 28 patients, 23 primary care physicians (19 family physicians), 11 licensed practical nurses, 20 registered nurses, and 2 medical assistants. On the other hand, in the article understanding healing relationship in primary care, much emphasis is given to highlight and understand the development and maintenance of healing relationships between patients and clinicians. Here, the method of interview was used to serve the objectives of healing relationships with three processes resulted as fostering healing relationships-valuing non-judgmental emotional bond, working in a way to serve the maximum facilitation for patients and displaying a caring attitude towards patients. Critical evaluation of these articles serves the objectives of this literature review. The methods, data, outcomes and theories enlisted in both articles are going to be made part of this process of assessment with a critical look. Have these two articles really served the way for which they were planned? Have these objectives provided something useful towards the process and practice of healing? These are the fundamental questions are discussed further below. Critical evaluation: Healing in primary care: A vision shared by patients, physicians, nurses and clinical staff Healing is a fundamental part of medical science, yet its role is insufficiently understood in the modern health care system (Brody, 1992; Lown, 1996; Cassell, 1991). In this article, many

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History - Assignment Example Due to existence of a number of different nations that are considered as world power, conflicts of views became increasingly influential. Once the conflict had been started, the impacts of the WWI to the history of the world became inevitable (Howard, 2003). Included in the said impacts is related to the influential nations and empires of the period. It can be considered that the effects had been negative on their part because two of the imperial powers had lost control and had been divided into smaller territories such as the Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. Except for the rise of the Soviet Union which had been revolutionized, the greater part of the European region had been changed. The said change can also be related to the strengthening of the belief in nationalism as opposed to the imperial leadership that had been the main form of leadership during the said part of history (Howard, 2003). In the social and economic aspects, there are different changes that had occurred due to the WWI. One of the impacts that can be observed is the manner of warfare which significantly improved compared to prior period. There are different repercussions of the said effect which can include the continuous aiming for increasingly powerful weapons, which can still be observed even at present times. Another significant effect not only in the domestic but also in the international arena is the social trauma that commonly occurs in times of wars and conflicts (Howard, 2003). One of the most significant observations with regards to the effect of WWI is the rise to power of the United States on the basis of the economic and trade relations. The effects of such event can be considered as the onset of the power and control being experienced by the US until the present era. This event can be attributed to the fact that new allies and international

Michel Foucaults Theory of the City

Michel Foucaults Theory of the City In this essay I will discuss and plain how the city is represented as place of power and surveillance, using Michel Foucaults ‘the means of correct training in his discipline and punish (1977) and the film 28 weeks later where I will pick four scenes from the film. I will discuss and explain how the film deals with the notions of institutional and private rights, how visual design might represent notions of surveillance and oppression through (space, colours juxtapositions, and characters); and finally, how the city is represented through various ways of looking/imaging. The shift to consumerist city has marked changes in the surveillance and control of urban space through an innumerable technologies and moral practice. These type of change happed as cities tries to rebrand and remarket themselves within local regions nationally and internationally in order to compete with the current capital investment markets. Visual politics of the street underpins changes in urban and its governance, thereby creating risk- taking business that focuses on creating visually pleasing spaces via architecture to regulate to practices surveillance not only in urban spaces but also in suburbs places. canary wharf can be seen as primary example of this panopticon described in Michel Foucault discipline and punish in the means of correct training. In his book he describe panopticon as all round the clock functioning surveillance machine which is designed to insure that no prisoner could ever see the inspector who conduct the surveillance from his control room to the radial (central location within the radial configuration). Hi goes on saying. The prisoner could never know when he was being surveyed in the instant of the scene in 28 weeks later where the commanding officers ware surveying on the survivors by using machine guns at night time or in the instant the ware the architecture of the building /faà §ade was designed with glass, which in this case the inspector had a full control and awareness of the activities conducted by not only the survivors but also the survivors were aware of the presence of the commanding forces around them. There individual rights at this stage. could be manipulated and cause destruction for the institutional powers. I will feather explore this scenario as I progress feather is this assay. In the same time considering the survivors were aware of been watched at all times, the mental uncertainty and the anxiety of been quoted doing anything against the set up rules in itself enough to discipline them. Due to high effect of ponopticon in the film were the survivors are injected with this state of mind that surveillance is present at all times and that automatic full functioning power is around the clock, and no uncharacterized behaviors will be tolerated. In this instant, the survivors are caught up in a power situation of which they are themselves the bearers. To achieve this, it is at once too much and too little that the survivors are constantly watched by a CCTV cameras and commanding forces, to the extent that the survivor is aware of been watched but in the same time there is no need for him or her to be observed. In such Circumstances Bentham laid down the following principle that â€Å"power should be visible and unverifiable. † he went in saying visible that the inmate /patient will constantly have before them the central tower in front of them/ (control room in the instant of the 28 weeks later film) which there spied upon, and unverifiable that the inmate/patience or the survivors under no Circumstances should he/she know whether is been watched, but he must know he may always be so. But in the 28 weeks later film from the scene nine where the commanding forces from the top unit were surveying on the survivors at nig ht time. In this scene we see how surveillance is conducted without the knowledge of survivors. One sees everything without been seen. In this scenario we see the same principles been mentioned in bentham book in panopticism been repeated in the film Where the commanding forces where using high tech machine guns and CCTV cameras to insure all the people were where they were supposed to be and insuring orders were kept at all times. With the aid mordern of architecture power could be exercised to its fullest effect and individual rights were at no place to question the institutional power. Putting into consideration the main location where the power was enforced and practiced was in canary wharf, one can clearly see how power is immediately portrayed without even questioning the forerunners aim. (Scene seven) Bentham goes on saying â€Å"the Panopticon is a machine for dissociating the see/being seen dyad: in the peripheric ring, one is totally seen, without ever seeing; in the central tower, one sees everything without ever being seen†. He continue saying â€Å"it is an important mechanism for optimizing and disindvidualising power.† Here we see Bentham say panopticon is not a bad thing when is used for the right reasons; he give examples of the usefulness of the panopticonhe says â€Å"it makes it possible to draw up differences among patients and also to observe symptoms of each individual, in education it make it possible to observe performances. And among workers† it makes it possible to note the aptitudes of each worker, compare the time he takes to perform a task. â€Å"But the Panopticon was also a laboratory; it could be used as a machine to carry out experiments, to alter behavior, to train or correct individuals. To experiment with medicines and monitor their effects. To try out different punishments on prisoners, according to their crimes and character, and to seek the most effective ones.† Power is not the activity or the subject of knowledge that creates main parts of knowledge that opposes power, but is the power- knowledge and the struggles of those who goes through it determines the forms and possible domains of knowledge. http://cartome.org/foucault.htm which in the film when Andys mum was found had to be put under strict surveillance to prevent out-break of the virus but then when individual and institutional power are combined as seen in scene fourteen one of the power either for the individual or institution surfers severely or in most cases they both do. Conclusion in the reading of Michel Foucault discipline and punish; and in the film 28 weeks later one can draw many conclusion on how surveillance and institutional powers are conducted and how the city is viewed as a place of power. But in the same time we see when individual power and rights are exercised simultaneously cause severe consequences ; for example in scene 1,. Especially when Tammy and Andy decided to go to their old home to collect some of their possession here we see Tammy and Andy wanted to be free, they wanted to something that would remind them of their mother but under the rules set in the comp they were not permitted to leave the premises. As a result they rebelled and consequently brought back the virus in the camp and the end result most the survivors were exterminated, infected by the virus and the only survivors left in the whole city were them. My point is power should only be exercised when knowledge lead and it should be exercised by one part at a time to avoid coll ision. References Joe Kerr, Andrew Gibson, London from punk to Blair http://books.google.co.uk: city watch, 131-13, M. Foucault, 1977, Discipline and punishment, means of correct training, France: Gallimard Richard J. Williams. (2004). the anxious city. US andCanada, English urbanism in the late twentieth century. the anxious city 1, 10-19 http://cartome.org/foucault.htm

Persaid History :: essays research papers

Perseid History This is the most famous of all meteor showers. It never fails to provide an impressive display and, due to its summertime appearance, it tends to provide the majority of meteors seen by non-astronomy enthusiasts. The earliest record of its activity appears in the Chinese annals, where it is said that in 36 AD "more than 100 meteors flew thither in the morning." Numerous references appear in Chinese, Japanese and Korean records throughout the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th centuries, but only sporadic references are found between the 12th and 19th centuries, inclusive. Nevertheless, August has long had a reputation for an abundance of meteors. The Perseids have been referred to as the "tears of St. Lawrence", since meteors seemed to be in abundance during the festival of that saint on August 10th, but credit for the discovery of the shower's annual appearance is given to Quà ©telet (Brussels), who, in 1835, reported that there was a shower occurring in August that emanated from the constellation Perseus. The first observer to provide an hourly count for this shower was Eduard Heis (Mà ¼nster), who found a maximum rate of 160 meteors per hour in 1839. Observations by Heis and other observers around the world continued almost annually thereafter, with maximum rates typically falling between 37 and 88 per hour through 1858. Interestingly, the rates jumped to between 78 and 102 in 1861, according to estimates by four different observers, and, in 1863, three observers reported rates of 109 to 215 per hour. Although rates were still somewhat high in 1864, generally "normal" rates persisted throughout the remainder of the 19th-century. Computations of the orbit of the Perseids between 1864 and 1866 by Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (1835-1910) revealed a very strong resemblance to periodic comet Swift-Tuttle (1862 III). This was the first time a meteor shower had been positively identified with a comet and it seems safe to speculate that the high Perseid rates of 1861-1863 were directly due to the appearance of Swift-Tuttle, which has a period of about 120 years. Multiple returns of the comet would be responsible for the distribution of the meteors throughout the orbit, but meteors should be denser in the region closest to the comet, so that meteor activity should increase when the comet is near perihelion (as has been demonstrated by the June Boà ¶tids, Draconids and Leonids). As the 20th-century began, the maximum annual hourly rates of the Perseids